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Pathfinder: New York City History: Primary Sources Online and Elsewhere

This is a guide to help you locate primary sources on the history of New York City, on the World Wide Web and otherwise. It will also provide a list of useful organizations you can contact for assistance in your research. The following links will take you to the section of the pathfinder you wish to see.


What is a primary source?

A primary source is a source that was created during or immediately after the event or period it documents. For example, a photograph taken at Ellis Island, an eye-witness account of the immigration procedures, or a manuscript describing the author's experience there would all be considered primary sources. Primary sources can be distinguised from secondary sources, which are are sources created at some later time. A description of Ellis Island at the beginning of the 20th century, if written today, would be considered a secondary source (although it might be based on primary sources.)

Primary sources are useful because they can give detailed information about a place, time period or event, as well as because they give us insight into the views and experiences of people without showing them through the lens of later events. Primary sources from New York City's history can include diaries of New Yorkers since its inception, maps of New York at different stages of its growth, photographs and even sound recordings.


Strategies for Researching New York City History

Your library may offer a number of resources on the history of New York City in addition to those specifically mentioned here. If your library arranges its resources by the Dewey Decimal Classification http://www.tnrdlib.bc.ca/dewey.html, as do many smaller and public libraries, you may find useful resources under 974: General history of North America Northeastern United States. In the Library of Congress Classification system http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/lcco.html, frequently used by large academic and research libraries, try looking between F116 and F130 for the history of New York.

If you are searching in a library catalog, you may find it useful to use some of the following Library of Congress Subject Headings:

Some reference works you may find helpful for locating primary sources include:

Columbia University E-Guide to New York City History
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eguides/amerihist/nyc.html
From the Columbia University Libraries, this portal site provides links to a variety of other sites on New York City history.

Bailey, Rosalie Fellows. Guide to genealogical and biographical sources for New York City. New York: R.S. Bailey, 1954

Guide to historical resources in New York County (Manhattan) New York, repositories. [Ithaca, N.Y.] : New York Historical Resources Center, Olin Library, Cornell University, 1988

Wilson, Sherrill D., and Emilyn L. Brown. African American history in early New York : bibliographic resources.New York, N.Y. : Office of Public Education and Intepretation of the African Burial Ground, 1996

Krewson, Margrit B. New Netherland, 1609-1664: a selective bibliography. Publication: Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1995


Primary sources on the World Wide Web


The following are publicly accessible resources that make primary source material available on the World Wide Web. Many of the primary sources are images, while others are in text or audio formats.

@ 149th St
http://www.at149st.com/
New York has long been the epicenter of the graffiti art movement. This unusual resource documents the history of graffiti with many photographs of murals.

American Family Immigration History Center
http://www.ellisislandrecords.org/default.asp?
A membership organization, the AFIHC allows the public to search its lists of people who passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924, and may provide some extra information on individuals.

American Memory Project: Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/nhihtml/cwnyhshome.html
Through the American Memory Project, the Library of Congress makes primary sources on many aspects of American history available on the Web. These are items from New York City during the Civil War era.

Gaelic Gotham: A History of the Irish in New York:
http://www.mcny.org/irish.htm
The Museum of the City of New York has produced this online exhibit documenting the history of immigrants from Ireland throughout New York's history.

How the Other Half Lives
http://tenant.net/Community/Riis/contents.html
A hypertext version of Jacob Riis' seminal 1890 book of journalistic essays and photos, documenting the lives of New York City's urban poor.

Moving Uptown: Nineteenth Century Views of Manhattan
http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/spe/art/print/exhibits/movingup/labeli.htm
The Center for the Humanities at the New York Public Library has put together this online exhibit of prints and drawings of upper Manhattan, largely during the mid 19th century.

NYC100
http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/
1998 marked the 100th anniversary of the incorporation of Greater New York--the Five Boroughs as we know them today. Although the celebration itself is history now, The NYC100 website provides still-relevant information about the city's past.

Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance
http://www.iniva.org/harlem/home.html
This website documents the fine arts--emphasizing but not limited to painting--produced by African-American

William Feehan, Fire Chief
http://www.soundportraits.org/on-air/fire_chief/
An oral history of the late William Feehan, Commissioner of the New York Fire Department, who was killed at his command post when the southernmost tower of the World Trade Center collapsed.


Useful organizations

The following organizations may be able to help you gain access to primary sources:

New York Genealogical and Biographical Society
http://www.nygbs.org/Info/online.html

New-York Historical Society
http://www.nyhistory.org/

New York City Municipal Archives
http://nyc.gov/html/doris/html/index.html


This pathfinder created by Abigail Leah Plumb

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Last updated Dec 6, 2001